Study protocol for resolution of organ injury in acute pancreatitis (RESORP): an observational prospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: Survivors of acute pancreatitis (AP) have shorter overall survival and increased incidence of new-onset cardiovascular, respiratory, liver and renal disease, diabetes mellitus and cancer compared with the general population, but the mechanisms that explain this are yet to be elucidated. Our aim is to characterise the precise nature and extent of organ dysfunction following an episode of AP. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is an observational prospective cohort study in a single centre comprising a University hospital with an acute and emergency receiving unit and clinical research facility. Participants will be adult patient admitted with AP. Participants will undergo assessment at recruitment, 3 months and 3 years. At each time point, multiple biochemical and/or physiological assessments to measure cardiovascular, respiratory, liver, renal and cognitive function, diabetes mellitus and quality of life. Recruitment was from 30 November 2017 to 31 May 2020; last follow-up measurements is due on 31 May 2023. The primary outcome measure is the incidence of new-onset type 3c diabetes mellitus during follow-up. Secondary outcome measures include: quality of life analyses (SF-36, Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index); montreal cognitive assessment; organ system physiological performance; multiomics predictors of AP severity, detection of premature cellular senescence. In a nested cohort within the main cohort, individuals may also consent to multiparameter MRI scan, echocardiography, pulmonary function testing, cardiopulmonary exercise testing and pulse-wave analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study has received the following approvals: UK IRAS Number 178615; South-east Scotland Research Ethics Committee number 16/SS/0065. Results will be made available to AP survivors, caregivers, funders and other researchers. Publications will be open-access. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS: ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03342716) and ISRCTN50581876; Pre-results.

Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum Beer Cans Containing Hand Sanitizer

The COVID-19 crisis and ensuing supply chain disruptions prompted many breweries and distilleries to repurpose their facilities for the production of hand sanitizer, with the vast majority following the World Health Organization formulation (80% v/v ethanol, 1.45% v/v glycerol and 0.125% v/v hydrogen peroxide). The long term shift from bottling to canning among craft brewers left canning as the sole scalable option for many facilities to package hand sanitizer. With essential services desperate for hand sanitizer to help protect their staff, patients, and clients, many breweries moved to package these products in cans despite warnings that they are not designed to hold solutions containing high ethanol concentrations or strong oxidizers. The present study explores the resistance of ubiquitous can liners, WB Modified Epoxy and BPANI Gen 2, to WHO formulated hand sanitizer. Shelf life observations and microscopic visualization show the WB Modified Epoxy liner withstands hand sanitizer with little observable disruption at room temperature, while BPANI Gen 2 liners permit package failure and liquid leakage within 30 days. Incubation at 37 degrees C accelerated the rate of failure sixfold in BPANI Gen 2 lined cans versus room temperature incubation, providing a basis by which to expect an approximately 72 day shelf life for WB Modified Epoxy lined cans. Because of the inherent risk to consumers presented by these data and despite lack of clear guidance from regulatory agencies, manufacturers should strive to cease packaging hand sanitizer in cans and instead find supplies of inert non-beverage containers.